Journal & Conference Proceeding Publications

In this research, we present the analysis on steganography substitution system methods; Least Significant Bit Substitution, Random Interval, Pseudorandom Permutation, Image Downgrading & Covert Channels, and Cover-regions & Parity Bits. New testing techniques proposed by Phyu Phyu Mar and Khin Maung Latt for strict avalanche criterion is implemented to analyze secret message bit distribution in all methods. One million bits of secret messages have been used for sampling in this testing. This analysis compares each methods results on three tests; total number of bit changes in each output, output values in each output, and total number of bit changes in each bit position. From our observation, Random Interval and Cover-regions & Parity Bits produced the best test results compared to the other three steganography substitution methods.

In this research, we present the analysis on Lightweight Block Cipher; KTANTAN. This block cipher consists of three algorithms with block sizes of 32/48/64-bit and utilizes an 80-bit key. NIST Statistical Test Suite is used to determine the randomness of output sequence produced by all algorithms. Nine data categories are applied to generate the output sequence. From our analysis, we found out that all three algorithms are not random based on the 1% significance level.

The growing usage of smart technology has facilitated online trading for small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). Consequently, cyber crimes such as financial fraud, phishing, e-commerce fraud, and love scams regularly target women. The APEC Women Free Cybercrime Workshop was created to empower women and enhance their entrepreneurial capabilities in the digital arena. A preliminary study was conducted before the workshop to assess the cybercrime awareness level among potential participants. The APEC Women Free Cybercrime Workshop was held on 12 and 13 September 2023 at Cititel Mid Valley Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. The sessions provided in-depth discussions on securing online trading and covered topics such as cybercrime and threats, cyber laws, online attack demonstration, preventive measures, incident and emotion handling, and best practices. To evaluate the workshop's impact, pre and post-test assessments were conducted to measure the level of cybercrime awareness among participants. The findings from these tests have shown a significant improvement in cybercrime awareness by the end of the workshop.

This research explores the possible utilization of the Case-based Reasoning (CBR) technique to realize a CBR system for the domain of cyber security incidents handling and response. The proposed CBR system is intended to assist incident handlers, be it the rookies or even the seniors, in responding to incidents. The CBR recommender system mimics the way of an experienced incident handlers in responding to security incidents. This research investigates other related works on CBR in the area of cyber security. This work also research on the development of case storage and case representation for the domain of incident response.

Mixed method research has becoming an increasingly popular approach in the discipline of sociology, psychology, education, health science and social science. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of mixed method in developing a cyber terrorism framework. This project has two primary goals: firstly is to discover the theory and then develop a conceptual framework that describes the phenomena, and secondly is to verify the conceptual framework that describes the phenomena. In order to achieve conclusive findings of the study, a mixed method research is recommended: qualitative data and quantitative data are collected and analyzed respectively in a separate phase. The mixed method approach improves the rigor and explanation of the research results, thus bring conclusive findings to the study outcome. By utilizing qualitative and quantitative techniques within the same study, we are able to incorporate the strength of both methodologies and fit together the insights into a workable solution.